Chapter eighteen – The neuroscientific bases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): From brain to treatment

This chapter explores the pathophysiology of PTSD, focusing on its underlying mechanisms, associated risk factors, and high-risk populations. EMDR therapy, among other interventions, is reviewed for its effectiveness in symptom management.

Chapter Abstract

“Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition resulting from exposure to traumatic events, marked by persistent psychological distress and impairment in daily functioning. Risk factors for PTSD include genetic predispositions, neurobiological factors, as well as psychosocial and environmental influences. Specific demographic groups, such as veterans, first responders, and individuals in high-risk environments, are more susceptible to developing the disorder. Despite growing research, there remain gaps in understanding the full pathophysiology of PTSD, and existing diagnostic methods and treatments are not universally effective, contributing to a significant public health burden. This chapter explores the pathophysiology of PTSD, focusing on its underlying mechanisms, associated risk factors, and high-risk populations. Biological biomarkers such as neuroimaging findings, hormonal imbalances, genetic predispositions, and physiological indicators are discussed in the context of their role in PTSD diagnosis and understanding. Both pharmacological treatments and non-pharmacological interventions, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and mindfulness-based techniques, are reviewed for their effectiveness in symptom management. Further research is essential to advance individualized diagnostic techniques and optimize treatment strategies, ensuring more personalized care for PTSD patients.”

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Chapter Access

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Agbaria, L., Mirzaei, F., A’amar, N. O., Raba, F. T., Papazian, G., Bhatnagar, K., Sirimanne, N., Ayoubkhan, A. A., Thilagendra, A. G., & Gupta, A. (2025). Chapter eighteen – The neuroscientific bases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): From brain to treatment. In N. Moradikor & C. Orish (Eds.), Progress in Brain Research. Volume 291: Stress and the Brain: Evidence from Molecular Mechanisms to Interventions and Therapies. (pp. 427-468). Elsevier B. V. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.01.009

ISBN: 978-0-443-34425-1

ISSN: 0079-6123

—Description from publisher